Glaukoma : Klasifikasi, Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana

Abstract

Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness worldwide after cataracts which are estimated at 60.5 million and will increase to 79.6 million by 2020. Almost half of glaucoma sufferers (47%) are in Asia where 87% are caused by primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). Blindness in glaucoma sufferers occurs due to optic nerve damage that occurs through mechanical mechanisms due to high intraocular pressure and / or the presence of nerve axon cell ischemia due to intraocular pressure or vascular insufficiency which further affects the progress of the disease. The main mechanism of decreased vision function in glaucoma is apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells which causes thinning of the nerve fiber layer and retinal layer. The main diagnosis of glaucoma is funduscopic examination of the optic disc and the lining of retinal nerve fibers. Management of glaucoma consists of medical therapy and laser therapy. Medical therapy uses the pharmacotherapy of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI), beta blockers, prostaglandin analogues, and alpha agonists. Laser therapies include: Laser Trabeculoplasty, Laser Peripheral Iridotomy, Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty.