Deteksi Dini, Pendekatan Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Kanker Paru

Abstract

Ka$nker pa$ru a$da$la$h penyeba$b kema$tia$n uta$ma$ terka$it ka$nker seca$ra$ globa$l, sering terdia$gnosis pa$da$ sta$dium la$njut. Di Indonesia$, ka$nker pa$ru menempa$ti uruta$n ketiga$ ka$sus ba$ru da$n pa$ling umum pa$da$ pria$. Deteksi dini krusia$l untuk meningka$tka$n kua$lita$s hidup. Geja$la$ tida$k spesifik, na$mun fa$ktor risiko uta$ma$ meliputi merokok, pa$pa$ra$n ka$rsinogen, da$n riwa$ya$t penya$kit pa$ru. Deteksi dini meliba$tka$n CT sca$n tora$ks pa$da$ individu berisiko tinggi. Pengoba$ta$n multimoda$l menca$kup pembeda$ha$n, kemotera$pi, ra$diotera$pi, tera$pi ta$rget, imunotera$pi, da$n pa$lia$tif. Ta$nta$nga$n di Indonesia$ meliputi keterba$ta$sa$n a$kses dia$gnostik da$n tera$pi inova$tif. Prognosis sa$nga$t berga$ntung pa$da$ sta$dium dia$gnosis, denga$n muta$si EGFR memenga$ruhi NSCLC da$n penyeba$ra$n penya$kit memenga$ruhi SCLC. Peningka$ta$n deteksi dini, a$kses pengoba$ta$n, da$n pera$wa$ta$n pa$lia$tif esensia$l untuk memperba$iki lua$ra$n pa$sien.

Lung ca$ncer is a$ lea$ding ca$use of ca$ncer-rela$ted dea$ths globa$lly, often dia$gnosed a$t a$dva$nced sta$ges. In Indonesia$, it ra$nks third in new ca$ses a$nd is the most common ca$ncer a$mong men. Ea$rly detection is crucia$l for improving pa$tients' qua$lity of life. Symptoms a$re non-specific, but key risk fa$ctors include smoking, ca$rcinogen exposure, a$nd a$ history of lung disea$se. Ea$rly detection involves thora$cic CT sca$ns for high-risk individua$ls. Multimoda$l trea$tment includes surgery, chemothera$py, ra$diothera$py, ta$rgeted thera$py, immunothera$py, a$nd pa$llia$tive ca$re. Cha$llenges in Indonesia$ include limited a$ccess to a$dva$nced dia$gnostics a$nd innova$tive thera$pies. Prognosis hea$vily depends on the TNM sta$ge a$t dia$gnosis, with EGFR muta$tions influencing NSCLC a$nd disea$se sprea$d a$ffecting SCLC. Improving ea$rly detection, trea$tment a$ccess, a$nd pa$llia$tive ca$re is essentia$l to enha$nce pa$tient outcomes.